Introduction
Java is one of the most popular programming languages in the world, used for developing applications for various platforms, such as desktop, web, mobile, and embedded devices. To create and run Java applications, you need a software package called the Java Development Kit (JDK).
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The JDK contains the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), which is a set of software components that provide the basic functionality of Java, such as executing Java bytecode, managing memory, and handling exceptions. The JDK also contains tools and libraries that help you develop, compile, debug, and test Java applications, such as:
The javac compiler, which converts Java source code into executable bytecode.
The java launcher, which runs Java applications from the command line or a graphical interface.
The javadoc tool, which generates HTML documentation from Java source code.
The jar tool, which creates and manages compressed files that contain Java classes and resources.
The jdb debugger, which allows you to inspect and modify the state of a running Java application.
The jshell tool, which provides an interactive shell for evaluating Java expressions and statements.
The jlink tool, which creates custom runtime images that contain only the modules required by your application.
The jdeps tool, which analyzes the dependencies of your application and suggests ways to reduce them.
The jmod tool, which creates modular packages that contain Java classes and resources.
The jdeprscan tool, which scans your application for uses of deprecated APIs.
The jpackage tool, which creates native installers and launchers for your application.
The jmap, jstack, jstat, jconsole, jvisualvm, jmc, and jfr tools, which help you monitor and analyze the performance and memory usage of your application.
The jps, jinfo, jcmd, jhsdb, and jattach tools, which help you control and troubleshoot running Java processes.
The javap, javapackager, javah, javafxpackager, javawebstartlauncher, keytool, kinit, klist
In this article, I will show you how to download and install the JDK on your Windows system, as well as how to check your Java version and set the JAVA Downloading the JDK Installer
To download the JDK installer, you need to visit the Oracle Java Downloads page, where you can find the latest versions of the JDK for various platforms and architectures. In this article, we will focus on the JDK for Windows x64, which is compatible with 64-bit Windows systems.
On the Oracle Java Downloads page, you will see a table that lists the available JDK versions and their release dates. You can click on the JDK version number to see more details and download options. For example, if you click on JDK 15.0.2, you will see a page that looks like this:
On this page, you can see the features and enhancements of JDK 15.0.2, as well as the system requirements and installation instructions. You can also see a table that shows the download links for different platforms and architectures. To download the JDK installer for Windows x64, you need to click on the link that says Windows Installer (exe). You will be asked to accept the license agreement before you can start the download.
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The file name of the JDK installer for Windows x64 will look something like jdk-15.0.2_windows-x64_bin.exe, where 15.0.2 is the JDK version number and x64 is the architecture. The file size will be around 160 MB. You can save the file to any location on your system, such as your Downloads folder.
Installing the JDK from the .exe Installer
Once you have downloaded the JDK installer, you can run it by double-clicking on it or right-clicking on it and choosing Run as administrator. You will see a window that looks like this:
This is the JDK Install Wizard, which will guide you through the steps to install the JDK on your system. You can click on Next to proceed with the default settings, or you can click on Change... to customize the installation options.
The default installation options are:
The JDK will be installed in a folder named C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2, where 15.0.2 is the JDK version number.
The JRE will be installed in a folder named C:\Program Files\Java\jre-15.0.2, where 15.0.2 is the JRE version number.
The public JRE will be installed in a folder named C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath, which will be added to your system PATH variable.
The source code of the JDK will be installed in a file named C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2\lib\src.zip, where 15.0.2 is the JDK version number.
A shortcut to launch the Java Mission Control tool will be created on your desktop.
A shortcut to launch the Java Control Panel will be created in your Start menu.
A shortcut to launch the Java Update Checker will be created in your Start menu.
The Java Update feature will be enabled by default, which will check for updates automatically and notify you when they are available.
If you want to change any of these options, you can click on Change... and select a different installation directory, choose whether to install or not install certain components, or disable or enable certain features.
After you have chosen your installation options, you can click on Next to start the installation process. You will see a progress bar that shows how much of the installation has been completed. The installation may take a few minutes, depending on your system speed and network connection.
When the installation is finished, you will see a window that looks like this:
This window confirms that the JDK has been successfully installed on your system. You can click on Close) to exit the JDK Install Wizard. You can also click on Next to see some additional information and resources about the JDK, such as the release notes, the documentation, the tutorials, and the support.
Checking Your Java Version
After you have installed the JDK, you may want to check your Java version to verify that the installation was successful and that you have the correct version of Java on your system. There are two ways to check your Java version: using the Command Prompt or using the About Java utility.
Using the Command Prompt
The Command Prompt is a text-based interface that allows you to execute commands and programs on your system. You can use the Command Prompt to check your Java version by following these steps:
Open the Command Prompt by clicking on the Start menu and typing cmd in the search box. Alternatively, you can press Windows + R on your keyboard, type cmd in the Run dialog box, and click on OK.
In the Command Prompt window, type java -version and press Enter. This command will display the version of Java that is currently running on your system.
You should see an output that looks something like this:
C:\Users\user>java -version java version "15.0.2" 2021-01-19 Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 15.0.2+7-27) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 15.0.2+7-27, mixed mode, sharing)
The output shows the Java version number, the release date, the runtime environment name and build number, and the virtual machine name and build number. In this example, the Java version is 15.0.2, which is the same as the JDK version that we installed.
Using the About Java Utility
The About Java utility is a graphical interface that shows information about your Java installation, such as the version, the vendor, and the home directory. You can use the About Java utility to check your Java version by following these steps:
Open the About Java utility by clicking on the Start menu and typing About Java in the search box. Alternatively, you can go to C:\Program Files\Java\jre-15.0.2\bin, where 15.0.2 is your JRE version number, and double-click on javacpl.exe.
In the About Java window, click on About.... This will display a dialog box that shows information about your Java installation.
You should see a dialog box that looks something like this:
The dialog box shows the Java version number, the vendor name, and the home directory of your Java installation. In this example, the Java version is 15.0.2, which is the same as the JDK version that we installed.
Setting the JAVA_HOME Environment Variable
The JAVA_HOME environment variable is a system variable that stores the path to your JDK installation directory. The JAVA_HOME variable is used by some applications and tools that require access to your JDK, such as IDEs, build tools, and application servers. Setting the JAVA_HOME variable is optional, but it is recommended if you want to avoid potential problems with finding or using your JDK.
There are two ways to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable: using the System Properties Control Panel or using the Command Prompt.
Using the System Properties Control Panel
The System Properties Control Panel is a graphical interface that allows you to view and modify various settings of your system, such as performance, security, and environment variables. You can use the System Properties Control Panel to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable by following these steps:
Open the System Properties Control Panel by clicking on the Start menu and typing System in the search box. Alternatively, you can press Windows + Pause/Break on your keyboard, or right-click on This PC or My Computer and choose Properties.
In the System Properties window, click on Advanced system settings. This will open the Advanced tab of the System Properties dialog box.
In the Advanced tab, click on Environment Variables.... This will open the Environment Variables dialog box, which shows the user and system variables on your system.
In the Environment Variables dialog box, under the System variables section, click on New.... This will open the New System Variable dialog box, which allows you to create a new system variable.
In the New System Variable dialog box, enter JAVA_HOME as the Variable name, and enter the path to your JDK installation directory as the Variable value. For example, if your JDK is installed in C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2, enter that as the Variable value. Click on OK to save the new system variable.
In the Environment Variables dialog box, under the System variables section, find the variable named Path and select it. Click on Edit.... This will open the Edit System Variable dialog box, which allows you to modify an existing system variable.
In the Edit System Variable dialog box, click on New and enter %JAVA_HOME%\bin as the new entry. This will append the bin directory of your JDK to your system PATH variable, which enables you to run Java commands from any location on your system. Click on OK to save the changes.
In the Environment Variables dialog box, click on OK to close it. In the System Properties dialog box, click on OK to close it.
Using the Command Prompt
The Command Prompt is a text-based interface that allows you to execute commands and programs on your system. You can use the Command Prompt to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable by following these steps:
Open the Command Prompt by clicking on the Start menu and typing cmd in the search box. Alternatively, you can press Windows + R on your keyboard, type cmd in the Run dialog box, and click on OK.
In the Command Prompt window, type setx JAVA_HOME "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2", where C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2 is the path to your JDK installation directory. Press Enter. This command will create or update a user variable named JAVA_HOME and set its value to your JDK installation directory.
In the Command Prompt window, type setx Path "%Path%;%JAVA_HOME%\bin". Press Enter. This command will append the bin directory of your JDK to your user PATH variable, which enables you to run Java commands from any location on your system.
In the Command Prompt window, type Exit and close the Command Prompt window. You may need to restart your system or open a new Command Prompt window for the changes to take effect.
Conclusion
In this article, you have learned how to download and install the JDK on your Windows system, as well as how to check your Java version and set the JAVA_HOME environment variable. You are now ready to start developing and running Java applications on your system.
If you want to learn more about the JDK and Java programming, you can visit the following links:
: The official documentation of Java SE 15, which includes the API reference, the language specification, the tutorials, and the guides.
: The official page where you can download the latest versions of the JDK and other Java products.
: The official guidelines for writing clear, consistent, and maintainable Java code.
: A bundle of the JDK and NetBeans IDE, which is an integrated development environment that simplifies Java development.
: A bundle of the JDK and Visual Studio Code, which is a lightweight code editor that supports Java development.
: A bundle of the JDK and Eclipse IDE, which is another integrated development environment that supports Java development.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers related to JDK installation and usage:
Q: How do I uninstall the JDK from my system?
A: To uninstall the JDK from your system, you can follow these steps:
Open the Control Panel by clicking on the Start menu and typing Control Panel in the search box. Alternatively, you can press Windows + X on your keyboard and choose Control Panel.
In the Control Panel, click on Programs and then Programs and Features. This will show a list of programs that are installed on your system.
In the list of programs, find the entry that corresponds to your JDK version, such as Java SE Development Kit 15.0.2 (64-bit), where 15.0.2 is your JDK version number. Select it and click on Uninstall. This will start the JDK Uninstall Wizard, which will guide you through the steps to remove the JDK from your system.
Follow the instructions of the JDK Uninstall Wizard and click on Finish when it is done.
You may also want to delete any remaining files or folders related to your JDK installation, such as C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2, where 15.0.2 is your JDK version number.
You may also want to remove or update any environment variables that refer to your JDK installation, such as JAVA_HOME or Path.
Q: How do I update my JDK to a newer version?
A: To update your JDK to a newer version, you can follow these steps:
Download the installer for the newer version of the JDK from the Oracle Java Downloads page, as described in the Downloading the JDK Installer section of this article.
Run the installer for the newer version of the JDK, as described in the Installing the JDK from the .exe Installer section of this article. You can choose to install the newer version of the JDK in the same directory as the older version, or in a different directory.
If you install the newer version of the JDK in the same directory as the older version, the installer will overwrite the older version and update your environment variables accordingly. You may need to restart your system or open a new Command Prompt window for the changes to take effect.
If you install the newer version of the JDK in a different directory than the older version, you will have both versions of the JDK on your system. You may need to update your environment variables manually to point to the newer version, as described in the Setting the JAVA_HOME Environment Variable section of this article. You may also want to uninstall or delete the older version of the JDK, as described in the previous question.
Q: How do I switch between different versions of the JDK on my system?
A: If you have multiple versions of the JDK on your system, you can switch between them by changing your environment variables, such as JAVA_HOME and Path. You can use the System Properties Control Panel or the Command Prompt to change your environment variables, as described in the Setting the JAVA_HOME Environment Variable section of this article.
For example, if you have JDK 15.0.2 and JDK 16.0.1 installed on your system, and you want to switch from JDK 15.0.2 to JDK 16.0.1, you can do the following:
Open the System Properties Control Panel or the Command Prompt and find the JAVA_HOME variable.
Change the value of the JAVA_HOME variable from C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2 to C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-16.0.1, where C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-16.0.1 is the path to your JDK 16.0.1 installation directory.
Find the Path variable and change any entries that refer to C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15.0.2\bin to C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-16.0.1\bin, where C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-16.0.1\bin is the bin directory of your JDK 16.0.1 installation directory.
Save your changes and close the System Properties Control Panel or the Command Prompt. You may need to restart your system or open a new Command Prompt window for the changes to take effect.
Q: How do I run a Java application from the command line?
A: To run a Java application from the command line, you need to use the java launcher, which is a tool that executes Java bytecode files (.class files) or Java archive files (.jar files). You can use the java launcher by following these steps:
Open a Command Prompt window by clicking on the Start menu and typing cmd in the search box. Alternatively, you can press Windows + R on your keyboard, type cmd in the Run dialog box, and click on OK.
In the Command Prompt window, navigate to the directory where your Java application file is located. For example, if your Java application file is named HelloWorld.class and it is located in C:\Users\user\Documents\JavaProjects, you can type cd C:\Users\user\Documents\JavaProjects and press Enter.
In the Command Prompt window, type java HelloWorld and press Enter. This command will run the Java application file named HelloWorld.class. You should see the output of the application on the screen. For example, if the application prints "Hello, world!" to the standard output, you should see something like this:
C:\Users\user\Documents\JavaProjects>java HelloWorld Hello, world!
If your Java application file is a Java archive file (.jar file), you need to use the -jar option with the java launcher. For example, if your Java application file is named HelloWorld.jar and it is located in C:\Users\user\Documents\JavaProjects, you can type java -jar HelloWorld.jar and press Enter. This command will run the Java archive file named HelloWorld.jar.
Q: How do I compile a Java source code file from the command line?
A: To compile a Java source code file (.java file) from the command line, you need to use the javac compiler, which is a tool that converts Java source code into executable bytecode files (.class files). You can use the javac compiler by following these steps:
Open a Command Prompt window by clicking on the Start menu and typing cmd in the search box. Alternatively, you can press Windows + R on your keyboard, type cmd in the Run dialog box, and click on OK.
In the Command Prompt window, navigate to the directory where your Java source code file is located. For example, if your Java source code file is named HelloWorld.java and it is located in C:\Users\user\Documents\JavaProjects, you can type cd C:\Users\user\Documents\JavaProjects and press Enter.
In the Command Prompt window, type and press Enter. This command will compile the Java source code file named HelloWorld.java and generate a bytecode file named HelloWorld.class in the same directory.
If the compilation is successful, you will not see any output on the screen. If the compilation fails, you will see some error messages that indicate the problems with your source code. You need to fix the errors and try to compile again.
After you have compiled your Java source code file, you can run it using the java launcher, as described in the previous question.
This is the end of the article. I hope you have enjoyed reading it and learned something useful. Thank you for your attention and have a great day! 44f88ac181
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